139
Arctic Yearbook 2013
Jegorova
companies. 3. These actors are still considered to be rational and self-interested players, who
are always calculating the optimisation of their options. 4. If realists believe in the prevalence
of conflict under the absence of central authority, liberalists assert the widely accepted rule of
law and norms that form the base of a regulated society. Neoliberal approach is actually closer
to the theory of realism than liberalism, and sees nation-states as the main actors in an
anarchic system. However, neoliberalism particularly stresses the role of interdependence as
the basis of international relations. For a deeper assessment of classical realism and liberalism
theories see, e.g., Stein (1990).
References
Arctic Council. (2011a, April 27). Observers. Retrieved from,
http://www.arctic council.org/index.php/en/about-us/arctic-council/observers
Arctic Council. (2011b, April 27). Permanent Participants. Retrieved from,
http://www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/about-us/permanent-participants
Bogoyavlenskiy, D., & Siggner, A. (2004). Arctic Demography. In N. Einarsson, J. N. Larsen, A.
Nilsson, & O. R. Young (Eds.),
AHDR (Arctic Human Development Report)
(pp. 27-41).
Akureyri, Iceland: Stefansson Arctic Institute.
Budzik, P. (2009).
Arctic oil and natural gas potential.
US Energy Information Administration.
Retrieved from,
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/arctic/pdf/arctic_oil.pdf
.
Buzan, B. (1983).
People, States, and Fear : The National Security Problem in International Relations.
Brighton, UK: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Buzan, B. (1991).
New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-First Century.
International Affairs,
67(3): 431-451.
CIA Factbook. (n.d.a). Country comparison by area. Retrieved from.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html
CIA Factbook. (n.d.b). Country comparison by population. Retrieved from,
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html
Conley, H., & Kraut, J. (2010).
US Strategic Interests in the Arctic: An Assessment of Current Challenges
and New Opportunities for Cooperation
. Washington, DC: CSIS.
Emmerson, C. (2010).
The future history of the Arctic
. New York, NY: PublicAffairs.
Gautam, P. K. (2011). The Arctic as a global common.
IDSA Issue Brief.
Retrieved from,
http://www.idsa.in/system/files/IB_TheArcticasaGlobalCommon.pdf
.